Top-rated Resources =================== Top-rated Webpages -------------- ### 4-Dimensional Space * [Strange Horizons - Spirits, Art, and the Fourth Dimension By Bryan Clair](http://strangehorizons.com/non-fiction/articles/spirits-art-and-the-fourth-dimension/) * [Notes on the Fourth Dimension -- The Public Domain Review](https://publicdomainreview.org/2015/10/28/notes-on-the-fourth-dimension/) ### Agile Development * [Agile Principles: What does it mean sustainable development? - Project Management Stack Exchange](https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/34676/agile-principles-what-does-it-mean-sustainable-development) * [In Scrum, do we really let people self-organize around their work? - Project Management Stack Exchange](https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/32994/in-scrum-do-we-really-let-people-self-organize-around-their-work) * [scrum - The contradictions between agile approach and the growth of individual team member - Project Management Stack Exchange](https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/34520/the-contradictions-between-agile-approach-and-the-growth-of-individual-team-memb) * [Flow – Treemagineers Blog](https://www.treemagineers.com/blog/flow/) ### Apple II * [Apple II History Chap 1](https://www.duxburysystems.org/downloads/library/texas/apple/history/history/ah01.html) ### Chaos Theory * [What is Chaos? An Interactive Online Course for Everyone](https://order.ph.utexas.edu/chaos/) ### Computational Complexity * [Computability and Complexity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computability/) * [Computational Complexity: So You Think You Settled P verus NP](http://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2009/01/so-you-think-you-settled-p-verus-np.html) * [Computational Complexity: A Simple PSPACE-Complete Problem](https://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2012/11/a-simple-pspace-complete-problem.html) ### Constraint Programming * [Lecture 15 - Constraint Satisfaction Problems](https://static.catseye.tc/archive/www.doc.ic.ac.uk/sgc__teaching__pre2012__v231/Constraint%20Satisfaction%20Problems.html) ### DOS * [DOS Widgets by Dave Dunfield (2013) : Dave Dunfield : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive](https://archive.org/details/doswidgets_by_dds) ### Electronics * [Circuit Simulator Applet](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/) * [Depot Repair](https://www.ganssle.com/articles/repair.htm) * [pcb - Environmentally sustainable electronics - Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/565631/environmentally-sustainable-electronics) ### Electronics Projects * [home page of JF10ZL](https://web.archive.org/web/20160314044724/https://www.intio.or.jp/jf10zl/) ### Formal Language * [computability - Context-free complete language - Computer Science Stack Exchange](https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/99477/context-free-complete-language) ### Formal Specification * [SE 507 Algebraic Specifications](https://www.cs.scranton.edu/~mccloske/courses/se507/alg_specs_lec.html) ### Functional Programming * [Functors, Applicatives, And Monads In Pictures - adit.io](https://adit.io/posts/2013-04-17-functors,_applicatives,_and_monads_in_pictures.html) ### Game Assets * [Hardcore Gaming 101: Tracing the Influence](http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/tracing/tracing.htm) ### Game Design * [My Name is Daniel and I am a Genre Addict](https://web.archive.org/web/20101112205736/http://lunar.lostgarden.com/essay_genreaddict.htm) ### Game Development * [deWiTTERS Game Loop -- Koonsolo Games](https://web.archive.org/web/20120327090659/https://www.koonsolo.com/news/dewitters-gameloop/) ### Games * [Some Games of Note | Cat's Eye Technologies](https://catseye.tc/view/The-Dossier/article/Some-Games-of-Note/README.md) ### JavaScript * [Constructors Considered Mildly Confusing](https://zeekat.nl/articles/constructors-considered-mildly-confusing.html) * [The JavaScript Event Loop: Explained](https://web.archive.org/web/20180422194953/https://blog.carbonfive.com/2013/10/27/the-javascript-event-loop-explained/) * [Concurrency model and the event loop - JavaScript \| MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/EventLoop) * [We have a problem with promises](https://pouchdb.com/2015/05/18/we-have-a-problem-with-promises.html) ### Logic * [Natural Deduction \| Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy](https://iep.utm.edu/natural-deduction/) * [The Herbrand Manifesto](http://intrologic.stanford.edu/extras/manifesto.html) * [Are opinions considered sentences in logic? - Philosophy Stack Exchange](https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/106492/are-opinions-considered-sentences-in-logic) ### Modal Logic * [Modal Logic Playground](https://rkirsling.github.io/modallogic/) ### Numerical Analysis * [What numerical methods are used in circuit simulation? How can I get an overview? - Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/644007/what-numerical-methods-are-used-in-circuit-simulation-how-can-i-get-an-overview) * [numerics - C, Julia, Python, Maxima, Mathematica, ChatGPT and numerical errors - Computational Science Stack Exchange](https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/43847/c-julia-python-maxima-mathematica-chatgpt-and-numerical-errors) ### Philosophy * [What, if anything, can be said about what is unsayable? \| Aeon Essays](https://aeon.co/essays/what-if-anything-can-be-said-about-what-is-unsayable) * [HTMLGIANT / The Beginner's Guide to Hegel](https://htmlgiant.com/random/the-beginners-guide-to-hegel/) * [The Deep Insights of Alan Kay - mythz blog](https://mythz.servicestack.net/blog/2013/02/27/the-deep-insights-of-alan-kay/) ### Physics * [quantum mechanics - When will a wave function collapse if the observer was only a camera and the video was watched later in time? - Physics Stack Exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/646332/when-will-a-wave-function-collapse-if-the-observer-was-only-a-camera-and-the-vid) ### Probability Theory * [probability - In a family with two children, what are the chances, if one of the children is a girl, that both children are girls? - Mathematics Stack Exchange](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/15055/in-a-family-with-two-children-what-are-the-chances-if-one-of-the-children-is-a/15085#15085) * [probability - A and B are independent. Does P(A ∩ B\|C) = P(A\|C) · P(B\|C) hold? - Cross Validated](https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/639166/a-and-b-are-independent-does-pa-%e2%88%a9-bc-pac-pbc-hold) * [Q: Is it possible to choose an item from an infinite set of items such that each one has an equal chance of being selected? | Ask a Mathematician / Ask a Physicist](https://www.askamathematician.com/2010/01/q-is-it-possible-to-choose-an-item-from-an-infinite-set-of-items-such-that-each-one-has-an-equal-chance-of-being-selected/) * [probability - Do Bayesians accept Kolmogorov\'s axioms? - Cross Validated](https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/126056/do-bayesians-accept-kolmogorovs-axioms) ### Refinement Calculus * [Refinement Calculus](https://www.southampton.ac.uk/~mbutler/refcalc-tut/home.html) ### Relational Programming * [A Short Skinny on Relations & the Algebra of Programming | Hey There Buddo!](https://www.philipzucker.com/a-short-skinny-on-relations-towards-the-algebra-of-programming/) ### Software Engineering * [Making Wrong Code Look Wrong -- Joel on Software](https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2005/05/11/making-wrong-code-look-wrong/) * [Things You Should Never Do, Part I -- Joel on Software](https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2000/04/06/things-you-should-never-do-part-i/) ### Theorem Proving * [The Incredible Proof Machine](https://incredible.pm/) * [formal methods - Do theorems provers demonstrate their own correctness\"? - Computer Science Stack Exchange](https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/119817/do-theorems-provers-demonstrate-their-own-correctness) ### Type Systems * [type safety - What is the difference between a strongly typed language and a statically typed language? - Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2690544/what-is-the-difference-between-a-strongly-typed-language-and-a-statically-typed#2696369) * [The algebra (and calculus!) of algebraic data types](https://codewords.recurse.com/issues/three/algebra-and-calculus-of-algebraic-data-types) Top-rated Books -------------- ### Algebraic Logic * Logic as Algebra (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/logicasalgebra0000halm)) ### BASIC * Write your own Adventure Programs for your Microcomputer (online @ [usborne.com](https://usborne.com/gb/books/computer-and-coding-books), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/Write_your_own_Adventure_Programs), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/Write_Your_Own_Adventure_Programs_1983_Usborne), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/adventure-programs), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/write-your-own-adventure-programs)) ### Commodore 64 * Commodore 64 Programmer's Reference Guide (online @ [www.commodore.ca](https://www.commodore.ca/manuals/c64_programmers_reference/c64-programmers_reference.htm), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/commodore-64-programmers-reference-guide_202205), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/c64-programmer-ref)) * 1001 Things to Do With your Commodore 64 (online @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/1001_Things_to_do_with_your_Commodore_64_1984_TAB_Books)) ### Constraint Programming * Constraint Programming Languages: Their Specification and Generation (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/constraintprogra0000lele)) ### Coq * Software Foundations (online @ [softwarefoundations.cis.upenn.edu](https://softwarefoundations.cis.upenn.edu/)) ### Electronics * Getting Started in Electronics (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/gettingstartedin00mims)) ### Game Design * The Art of Computer Game Design (online @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/artofcomputergam00chri)) ### Literature * I am a Cat (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/iamcat0000nats) (2002 edition), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/iamcati00nats) (1972 edition)) ### Mathematics * The Magical Maze (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/magicalmazeseein0000stew)) ### Matroid Theory * Introduction to Matroids (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/introductiontoma0000kolo)) ### Modal Logic * Introductory Modal Logic (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/introductorymoda00kony)) * First Steps in Modal Logic (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/firststepsinmoda0000popk)) ### PLDI * A Practical Introduction to Denotational Semantics (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/practicalintrodu0000alli)) * Formal Syntax and Semantics of Programming Languages (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/formalsyntaxsema0000slon)) ### Philosophy * The Cognitive Connection: Thought and Language in Man and Machine (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/cognitiveconnect0000levi)) * Patterns of Software: Tales from the Software Community (online @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/PatternsOfSoftware)) (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/patternsofsoftwa00gabr)) ### Probability Theory * Probability Theory (Jaynes) (online @ [www.med.mcgill.ca](http://www.med.mcgill.ca/epidemiology/hanley/bios601/GaussianModel/JaynesProbabilityTheory.pdf), [bayes.wustl.edu](https://bayes.wustl.edu/etj/prob/book.pdf), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/jaynes-probability-theory), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/jaynes-probability-theory_202409)) ### Prolog * The Art of Prolog (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/artofprologadvan0000ster)) ### Relational Programming * Relational Methods in Computer Science (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/relationalmethod0000unse)) ### Retrocomputing * Microprocessor Programming for Computer Hobbyists (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/microprocessorpr0000grah)) ### Software Engineering * The Mythical Man-Month (online @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/MythicalManMonth), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/book-brooks-1974-the-mythical-man-month-essays-on-software-engineering-2nd-edition)) (borrow with print disabilities @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/mythicalmonth00broo), [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/mythicalmanmonth00broo)) * Object-Oriented Modelling and Design (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/objectorientedmo00rumb)) ### Theory of Computation * The Universal Turing Machine (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/universalturingm0000unse)) * Theory of Deductive Systems and its Applications (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/TheoryofDe_00_Masl)) ### Topology * Counterexamples in Topology (borrow @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/counterexamplesi0000stee)) Top-rated Papers -------------- ### Combinatorics * Boltzmann Samplers for the Random Generation of Combinatorial Structures (online @ [algo.inria.fr](https://algo.inria.fr/flajolet/Publications/DuFlLoSc04.pdf)) * What Lies Between Order and Chaos? (online @ [csc.ucdavis.edu](https://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/tutorials/wlboac.pdf)) ### Compiler Construction * The essence of compiling with continuations (online @ [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20210423174105/http://www.cs.rice.edu/~javaplt/311/Readings/essence-retro.pdf)) ### Computational Complexity * Why Philosophers Should Care About Computational Complexity (online @ [www.scottaaronson.com](https://www.scottaaronson.com/papers/philos.pdf), [arxiv.org](https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.1791v3)) ### Equational Logic * [Equational Logic and Abstract Algebra](http://sections.maa.org/florida/proceedings/2001/ramsamujh.pdf) ### Formal Specification * [The role of formalism in system requirements (full version)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02564) ### Forth * [The Evolution of Forth](https://www.forth.com/resources/forth-programming-language/) ### Functional Programming * A tutorial on the universality and expressiveness of fold (online @ [www.cs.nott.ac.uk](https://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~pszgmh/fold.pdf)) ### Lambda Calculus * The Lambda Calculus is Algebraic (online @ [www.mscs.dal.ca](https://www.mscs.dal.ca/~selinger/papers/combinatory.pdf)) ### Mathematics * Infinity - A simple, but not too simple introduction (online @ [arxiv.org](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.06319)) ### Modal Logic * Topological semantics of modal logic (online @ [tsinghualogic.net](https://tsinghualogic.net/JRC/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/5thLecturewithReference.pdf)) ### Order Theory * Deriving Laws from Ordering Relations (online @ [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/NASA_NTRS_Archive_20030107662)) ### PLDI * Trampolined style (online @ [dl.acm.org](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/317636.317779)) ### Partial Evaluation * [Tutorial on Online Partial Evaluation](https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.0781) ### Philosophy * [Tossing Algebraic Flowers down the Great Divide](https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~goguen/pps/tcs97.pdf) ### Reactive Systems * Statecharts (online @ [www.inf.ed.ac.uk](https://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/seoc/2005_2006/resources/statecharts.pdf)) * State Machines for Event-Driven Systems (online @ [barrgroup.com](https://barrgroup.com/embedded-systems/how-to/state-machines-event-driven-systems)) * Misunderstandings about state machines (online @ [www.stateworks.com](https://www.stateworks.com/active/download/wagf04-2-state-machine-misunderstandings.pdf)) ### Refinement Calculus * Algorithmics (online @ [ir.cwi.nl](https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/2686/2686D.pdf), [www.kestrel.edu](https://www.kestrel.edu/people/meertens/publications/papers/Algorithmics.pdf)) * Laws of Programming (online @ [ox.ac.uk](https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/bill.roscoe/publications/20.pdf)) * Algebraic Identities for Program Calculation (online @ [academic.oup.com](https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article-pdf/32/2/122/1445670/320122.pdf)) ### Software Engineering * Why software jewels are rare (online @ [www.yodaiken.com](https://www.yodaiken.com/papers/Why_software_jewels_are_rare.pdf)) * Use of Formal Methods at Amazon Web Services (online @ [lamport.azurewebsites.net](https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/formal-methods-amazon.pdf)) ### Theorem Proving * The Future of Mathematics? (online @ [www.andrew.cmu.edu](https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/avigad/meetings/fomm2020/slides/fomm_buzzard.pdf)) ### Type Systems * Should Your Specification Language Be Typed? (online @ [lamport.azurewebsites.net](http://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/lamport-types.pdf)) * On Understanding Data Abstraction, Revisited (online @ [cs.utexas.edu](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~wcook/Drafts/2009/essay.pdf)) * In Search of Types (online @ [kent.ac.uk](https://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/srk21/papers/kell14in-author-version.pdf)) * Unfolding Abstract Datatypes (online @ [www.cs.ox.ac.uk](https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/jeremy.gibbons/publications/adt.pdf)) Top-rated Repositories -------------- ### Functional Programming * [PseudoPower/AFSM: Arrowized functional state machines](https://github.com/PseudoPower/AFSM) ### Game Development * [s-macke/VoxelSpace: Terrain rendering algorithm in less than 20 lines of code](https://github.com/s-macke/VoxelSpace) ### PLDI * [ibrahimsag/rw: an experiment in presenting code.](https://github.com/ibrahimsag/rw) ### Programming Languages * [ympbyc/Carrot: Purely functional lisp featuring: default currying, left-associative s-expression, lazy evaluation, static type system, and statically determined multimethods.](https://github.com/ympbyc/Carrot) ### User Interface * [akalenuk/16counters: GUI for those who don't do GUI](https://github.com/akalenuk/16counters) ### x86 * [zwegner/x86-sat: Basic SAT model of x86 instructions using Z3, autogenerated from Intel docs](https://github.com/zwegner/x86-sat)